If you strip heat networks back to their fundamentals, they are actually very simple. 

• Generate heat efficiently. 
• Distribute it reliably. 
• Measure it accurately. 
• Bill it fairly. 

Yet most of the issues we see across existing residential schemes don’t come from catastrophic plant failure. They come from weaker links further downstream, usually around data visibility, billing transparency and resident confidence. 

Franklin House in Grimsby is a strong example of that.  The generation side of the scheme, delivered alongside Worcester Bosch, was robust. The plant was professionally specified and installed.

From a mechanical perspective, the backbone of the network was solid.  But as is often the case on retrofit and legacy schemes, the data layer hadn’t evolved at the same pace as the plant. 

And in 2026, that matters. 

Why Data Is the Real Backbone

There’s a misconception in parts of the industry that once the boilers are commissioned and the flow temperatures are stable, the hard work is done.  It isn’t. 

Without structured, resilient consumption data, a heat network operator is effectively operating with partial sight. You might know what’s leaving the plant room, but you don’t necessarily know how it’s being distributed, consumed or reconciled at dwelling level with confidence.  That creates risk. 

Risk in billing.  Risk in compliance.  Risk in resident trust.   

At Franklin House, the requirement wasn’t simply “collect meter readings”. It was to design a data collection architecture that was reliable, scalable and capable of supporting a seamless billing environment, without creating unnecessary disruption in an occupied residential building. 

That last point is crucial. 

The Practical Constraints of Retrofitting

When you look at traditional hard-wired M-Bus systems, they absolutely have their place. In new-build schemes where cable routes are planned from day one, they can be effective and robust  But in existing multi-storey residential blocks, retrofitting structured cabling can be invasive, expensive and inflexible.

Running new containment through communal risers, navigating fire-stopping, dealing with legacy infrastructure all while residents are living in the building,  introduces complexity very quickly. 

You can solve the data problem and create a disruption problem at the same time. 

That’s why, at Franklin House, we took a different approach. 

Designing the LoRaWAN Infrastructure

We implemented a LoRaWAN data collection protocol across the building. 

From a purely technical perspective, this allowed us to create a decentralised, wireless communication layer between the heat meters and a central gateway. Each meter transmits consumption data over long-range, low-power radio frequency, which is then securely aggregated and transferred into the billing environment. 

Why LoRaWAN? 

Because it offered the right balance between coverage, resilience and practicality for this specific building.  The reinforced concrete structure required strong signal penetration. The network needed to operate across multiple floors without reliance on continuous cable routes.

The solution had to be scalable, allowing additional meters or assets to be integrated in the future without ripping infrastructure apart. 

LoRaWAN delivered that.  Signal testing confirmed reliable coverage throughout the building envelope. Gateway positioning was optimised to minimise blind spots and maximise redundancy.

The architecture reduced single points of failure compared to centralised wired systems.  From an engineering standpoint, the result was a stable, resilient data layer underpinning the entire scheme.  But technology alone doesn’t define success. 

Secondly, it improves reconciliation. Operators can compare generation figures against aggregated dwelling consumption to identify anomalies, losses or system inefficiencies.

Thirdly, it improves compliance readiness. As regulatory oversight increases across the UK heat network sector, schemes with structured, auditable data are better positioned to adapt. 

From my perspective, accurate data is not just about billing. It is about control. When you can see what is happening across your network in near real time, you move from reactive management to proactive optimisation. 

The Real Challenge: Perception

Technically, Franklin House progressed exactly as planned.  The greater challenge came from something far less tangible: perception. 

When residents were informed that billing would be supported by remote data collection, there was understandable hesitation. The phrase “remote monitoring” can trigger concerns around privacy and cost escalation. Without context, it sounds intrusive.  And if we are honest, the heat network sector has not always done a good job of explaining itself. 

Residents often inherit systems they did not choose. They receive terminology HIUs, primary circuits, standing charges that feels technical and inaccessible.

If communication is limited, uncertainty fills the space.  At Franklin House, we made a conscious decision not to let that happen. 

The Residents’ Meeting

Rather than commissioning the system quietly and relying on post-installation documentation, we held a structured residents’ meeting. 

We explained, in plain language, what a heat meter actually measures: thermal energy consumption in kilowatt-hours. No behavioural tracking. No personal data extraction. No hidden surveillance. 

We broke down how tariffs are formed, separating standing charges from variable consumption charges. We clarified how accurate data protects residents from cross-subsidy and estimated billing. 

We also addressed the wider context.

Heat networks are becoming more regulated. Transparency is increasing. Structured data is not about increasing costs; it is about ensuring costs are distributed correctly. 

The tone of the room changed as the mechanics became clear.  Once residents understood that the system ensured they were only paying for what they used nothing more, nothing less… scepticism softened. 

This is the part of the project that doesn’t sit on a schematic diagram but arguably matters most. 

But residents don’t see those silos. 

They see one system. 

At Franklin House, generation and data were treated as two parts of the same ecosystem. That alignment is what allowed the scheme to move from “operational” to “optimised”. 

Lessons from Franklin House

There are a few clear takeaways from this project. 

Firstly, data architecture should be considered as seriously as plant specification. If you design generation without designing visibility, you are embedding risk from day one. 

Secondly, wireless protocols such as LoRaWAN are not shortcuts. When designed correctly, they can provide resilient, scalable infrastructure particularly suited to retrofit environments. 

Thirdly, resident engagement is not optional. You can install the most advanced metering system available, but if residents do not understand it, confidence will always lag behind capability. 

And finally, collaboration across disciplines matters.

Manufacturers, data specialists and billing providers need to operate as a coordinated unit rather than isolated contractors. 

Final Thoughts

Franklin House in Grimsby is not just a story about installing a LoRaWAN network.  It is a case study in aligning engineering, data and communication. 

Reliable generation provided the foundation.  Structured data collection provided visibility.  Clear engagement provided trust. 

When those three elements come together, heat networks stop feeling complex or opaque. They start feeling controlled and fair. 

As the regulatory landscape tightens and scrutiny increases across the sector, schemes that prioritise accurate data and transparent communication will be the ones that stand up to inspection, both technically and socially. 

Franklin House reinforced something I have said many times:  Heat networks are not inherently problematic.  Poor visibility and poor communication are. 

Fix those, and the rest becomes manageable. 

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There’s been a noticeable shift in the heat network conversation over the last year.

What used to be future-facing discussions around “what might be coming” have now become practical conversations about “what do we need in place?”. With Ofgem confirmed as the regulator and the Heat Network Market Framework moving from policy into delivery, compliance is no longer an abstract concept it’s something operators, managing agents and consultants need to actively plan for.

That’s exactly where The Heat Network Compliance Companion Playbook comes in.

Rather than adding to the growing pile of regulatory commentary, the Playbook focuses on something far more useful: helping the sector translate regulation into everyday operational decisions. And in a space as complex and interconnected as heat networks, that practical focus is what makes it so valuable.

Turning Regulation into Something Usable

One of the challenges with any new regulatory framework is that it rarely arrives in a format that feels immediately actionable. Guidance can be dense, terminology unfamiliar, and responsibilities unclear, particularly for organisations managing multiple sites with varying levels of legacy infrastructure.

What the Compliance Companion Playbook does well is bring structure and clarity to that complexity.

By framing compliance around four clear themes – metering, billing, maintenance and management. It reflects how heat networks actually operate in the real world. These aren’t standalone activities; they’re interdependent. Metering underpins billing, billing relies on accurate data, maintenance ensures continuity, and management brings it all together through governance and accountability.

That joined-up approach mirrors what many of us see on site every day. Compliance doesn’t fail because of one missing component; it succeeds when all of them work together.

From my perspective, one of the strongest aspects of the Playbook is its accessibility.

It doesn’t assume a legal or regulatory background. Instead, it speaks directly to the people responsible for making heat networks function, property managers, operators, asset managers and technical teams. The language is clear, the intent is practical, and the guidance is framed in a way that supports decision-making rather than overwhelming it.

That matters. The success of heat network regulation won’t be measured by how well the rules are written, but by how confidently they’re applied across thousands of diverse schemes. Tools like this help build that confidence.

The fact that the Playbook is interactive and openly available also sends an important signal: compliance isn’t something to be hidden behind closed doors or reserved for specialists. It’s something the entire sector can engage with, learn from and improve together.

Reflecting How Compliance Really Works

Having worked across a wide range of heat networks; from new developments to long-established legacy systems, one thing is consistent: no two sites are the same.

The Playbook acknowledges that reality. It doesn’t present compliance as a single end state, but as a process that evolves alongside the network itself. That mindset aligns closely with how compliance is delivered in practice. Networks grow, data improves, systems are upgraded, and understanding deepens over time.

By encouraging operators to understand their current position and build forward from there, the Playbook supports a measured, proportionate approach to compliance. That’s particularly important in a sector where historical design decisions still shape what’s possible today.

From Visibility to Value

The improvements from optimisation are often subtle but significant. Residents may not notice a small drop in return temperature or a corrected control loop, but the energy savings can be considerable.

In many of the networks reviewed, reinstating proper control logic, reconnecting failed actuators, or rebalancing flow and return temperatures has delivered measurable gains without major capital spend. These adjustments bring systems closer to design intent and create the data confidence needed to make informed investment choices later.

Supporting a More Confident Sector

Perhaps the most important contribution the Compliance Companion Playbook makes is cultural rather than technical.

It helps shift the conversation away from uncertainty and towards preparedness. Instead of asking “Are we going to be compliant?”, it encourages organisations to ask, “What do we need in place to demonstrate compliance?”. That’s a subtle but powerful change in mindset.

As regulation beds in, that confidence will matter. Networks that understand their data, their processes and their responsibilities will be better placed to respond to regulatory requirements, engage with residents, and operate efficiently over the long term.

Final Thoughts

The Heat Network Compliance Companion Playbook arrives at exactly the right moment for the sector.

It brings clarity to complexity, structure to uncertainty, and practicality to regulation. More importantly, it supports the people who are actually responsible for delivering compliant heat networks day in, day out.

Compliance isn’t about ticking boxes. It’s about building systems that are fair, transparent and resilient. Tools like this Playbook don’t just explain the rules, they help the sector live with them.

And as heat networks continue to play a central role in the UK’s low-carbon future, that kind of support is not just helpful, it’s essential.

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The year ahead

With ongoing Ofgem consultations continuing to be released, and the anticipated draft of HNTAS for legacy sites expected next year, the pace of change is only increasing. For many networks, this will be the first time long-established systems are assessed through a consistent, technical and data-driven framework. 

From my perspective, the coming year is shaping up to be the busiest and most exciting yet. Not just because of regulation, but because it signals a real shift in how the industry approaches performance, transparency and accountability. Legacy sites are no longer being overlooked; they’re becoming central to improving efficiency, fairness and long-term outcomes for residents. 

Through d-Analysed, I’ll continue to share practical insight, real-world examples and straightforward commentary as these changes unfold, helping clients understand what’s coming and how to prepare for it, rather than reacting once deadlines arrive. 

Here’s to another year of change, progress and collaboration across the sector and to continuing the drive for excellent standards in heat networks. 

Thanks to everyone who’s been part of d-Analysed this year – whether you’ve read along, sent questions, or (politely) told me I’d missed a point. Keep it coming. I really do appreciate it – and it keeps me on my toes. Here’s to another year of progress, a bit of healthy debate, and continuing to make heat networks work better for the people who rely on them.

A Final Reflection

Every heat network has potential for improvement, even the best-designed ones. The key is understanding where you stand today and how far you’ve drifted from where you should be.

When you don’t measure, you can’t manage – and when you don’t review, design intent becomes assumption.

Don’t forget that we offer Heat Network Health Checks which can help establish the baseline performance and identifies any gaps. A full optimisation study builds on that foundation to test, model and fine-tune performance at a deeper technical level. Together, they enable safe, efficient and compliant heat networks that perform as designed – and stay that way.

Every network is different – so is the right level of review.

Whether you’re thinking of a full optimisation study or just want an affordable Health Check to benchmark performance, we can help you take the next step with clarity and confidence.

Talk to us about your options today.

Email: daniel.davies@dataenergy.co.uk

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Across the UK, too many heat networks are still running on autopilot. They deliver heat, residents are warm, and bills are being sent but when you start looking a little deeper, it becomes clear that most are far from optimised.

Over the past year, I’ve been to sites ranging from new-build developments to long-established schemes. Some have cutting-edge plantrooms with modern controls; others are operating on legacy equipment that hasn’t been touched in years. Yet the outcome is often the same: low delta-Ts, fixed-speed pumps, failed insulation, and metering networks that don’t communicate.

These aren’t isolated issues. They’re the direct result of heat networks not being regularly reviewed for performance, safety, compliance and alignment with their original design intent. That’s where structured technical reviews – from Health Checks through to full optimisation studies – play an essential role.

Why Optimisation Studies Are Needed

Heat networks are becoming one of the most regulated parts of the energy landscape. With Ofgem now overseeing consumer protection and the Heat Network Technical Assurance Scheme (HNTAS) on the horizon, operators will soon be required to show that their systems aren’t just compliant on paper, they’re performing efficiently and as designed in practice.

The challenge is that many schemes were designed and handed over before these standards existed. Over time, controls are overridden, BMS logic gets lost, valves seize, and pipework insulation degrades. The system still works, but not as it should.

I’ve seen networks where return temperatures consistently sit above 60 °C, losing efficiency by the hour. Others have HIUs fitted with actuators that were never connected, meaning no control over primary flow. One development had a full M-Bus data logger installed but it wasn’t accessible to anyone, making performance analysis impossible.

Each of these examples represents avoidable inefficiency. And with rising energy costs, every degree of wasted heat has a financial and environmental impact.

Optimisation isn’t about redesigning a network or installing expensive new kit. It’s about understanding how the existing system is performing and identifying where it can be improved.

While both aim to improve performance, they differ in scope and depth.

Optimisation Study

A full optimisation study is a comprehensive investigation into how a network performs compared with its design intent and manufacturer specifications. It examines every component and operating parameter, often over several weeks of data gathering. These studies form part of long-term planning or major reinvestment decisions and can highlight the precise technical changes needed to bring a system back to its design benchmark.

Health Checks

Health Checks, on the other hand, are structured, tiered reviews designed to give proportionate visibility of performance, safety, and compliance. They provide the foundation for ongoing network management – the step before or between full optimisation studies. At Data Energy, we offer three tiers of Health Checks:

Tier 1 – Compliance:

Confirms that the network meets baseline safety and regulatory requirements (metering, billing and key plant room checks).

Tier 2 – Performance:

Reviews operational efficiency, control logic and system condition to identify obvious areas of improvement

Tier 3 – Insight:

Uses continuous data monitoring and analytics e.g. Guru Systems’ Pinpoint technology, to track performance in real time, flagging inefficiencies as they occur.

Where a full optimisation study provides detailed technical modelling, a Tier 2 or Tier 3 Health Check gives a clear operational picture – highlighting where performance has drifted and where more detailed investigation may be justified.

Efficiency Gains in Practice

The benefits of optimisation are often underestimated because the improvements aren’t always obvious. A resident might not notice when a pump speed is corrected or when a return temperature drops slightly but the effect on system efficiency can be substantial.

From experience, I’ve witnessed how even small adjustments can make a noticeable difference. Reinstating proper control logic, reconnecting failed actuators, or fine-tuning flow and return temperatures can bring systems back closer to their design intent without the need for major works.

In several cases, networks operating with unnecessarily high return temperatures or fixed-speed pumps have responded well to relatively straightforward tuning and balancing. Those marginal gains add up, improving overall performance, reducing wasted energy, and restoring stability across the system.

It’s a reminder that optimisation isn’t always about investment, it’s about insight, attention to detail and understanding how far the network has drifted from how it was meant to perform.

From Visibility to Value

The improvements from optimisation are often subtle but significant. Residents may not notice a small drop in return temperature or a corrected control loop, but the energy savings can be considerable.

In many of the networks reviewed, reinstating proper control logic, reconnecting failed actuators, or rebalancing flow and return temperatures has delivered measurable gains without major capital spend. These adjustments bring systems closer to design intent and create the data confidence needed to make informed investment choices later.

Performance, Compliance and Continuous Review

Think of a review as a network MOT that confirms whether a system is safe, compliant and performing in line with its design. 

It doesn’t just expose inefficiencies; it helps prioritise action. Some recommendations might be immediate (like reconnecting a meter or actuator), while others are longer-term (insulation upgrades, new data collection hardware or controls refinement). 

What’s important is establishing a baseline. Once you know where your network stands, compared with how it was designed to operate, you can make informed decisions about investment, operation, and compliance planning. 

Too many operators are reactive, only addressing performance when residents complain or costs spike. Health Checks move the conversation towards proactive asset management. 

The most successful schemes are those that treat optimisation as ongoing. Regular reviews, continuous data monitoring and collaboration between engineers, managing agents and billing teams ensure performance remains aligned with design intent. 

That’s why at Data Energy, optimisation isn’t viewed as a project, it’s a process. We blend data analysis with on-site observation and technical review to help clients understand not just what needs attention, but why it’s diverged from design. 

A Final Reflection

Every heat network has potential for improvement, even the best-designed ones. The key is understanding where you stand today and how far you’ve drifted from where you should be.

When you don’t measure, you can’t manage – and when you don’t review, design intent becomes assumption.

A Health Check establishes the baseline and identifies the gaps. A full optimisation study builds on that foundation to test, model and fine-tune performance at a deeper technical level. Together, they enable safe, efficient and compliant heat networks that perform as designed – and stay that way.

Every network is different – so is the right level of review.

Whether you’re planning a full optimisation study or just want an affordable Health Check to benchmark performance, we can help you take the next step with clarity and confidence.

Talk to us about your options today.

Email: daniel.davies@dataenergy.co.uk

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Heat networks are no longer niche pilot schemes – they are a mainstream part of the UK’s journey to decarbonisation. As they grow, scrutiny increases on efficiency, fairness and long-term reliability.

That scrutiny is now being formalised through regulation. Ofgem’s role under the Energy Act 2023, alongside HIU standards set by HNTAS, means data is firmly in the spotlight. Without reliable performance data, you cannot meet compliance requirements or reassure residents that their bills are fair.

Yet data collection is still too often an afterthought. Meters, HIUs and plant equipment are carefully specified – but the question remains: how will you capture, store and interpret performance data not just today, but ten or fifteen years from now?

Getting this right at the start is critical. Robust data collection infrastructure underpins everything from accurate billing to performance optimisation and compliance. Most importantly, it builds the trust that keeps residents and regulators confident in your network.

Data: The Foundation of Transparency and Trust

For years, heat networks have faced headlines about unclear costs and poor efficiency. Often, these problems don’t come from bad system design but from poor data availability.

If you cannot see how much energy is moving through the network, where the losses are or how equipment is performing, you cannot respond effectively.

Reliable data collection allows you to:

• Bill residents fairly and accurately – meeting Ofgem’s requirements under the Energy Act 2023
• Spot inefficiencies early – reducing losses and running costs
• Monitor HIUs to HNTAS standards – and demonstrate compliance
• Build resident trust – by showing how charges are calculated and improvements are made

Without good data, you are flying blind.

Six Principles for Future-Proofing Data Infrastructure

So, what does infrastructure that lasts really look like? A system that stands the test of time has a few defining features:

1. Open Protocols and Interoperability

Choose meters, HIUs and data loggers that use open communication protocols like M-Bus, Modbus or LoRaWAN. Open systems keep you flexible – you can swap failing equipment or add devices without tearing everything out.

2. Scalability

Networks evolve. Plant rooms expand, regulations change and new buildings connect. Infrastructure should have spare capacity – in wiring and digital bandwidth – so you can scale without disruption.

3. Resilient Connectivity

As ADSL lines are phased out across the UK, networks must transition to secure IP connections or cellular backhaul. Resilience means considering dual-SIM routers, secure VPN tunnels and failover options so data keeps flowing regardless of local outages.

4. Regulatory Alignment

HNTAS now requires HIUs to be BESA-tested, and Ofgem will be monitoring compliance closely from 2025 onwards. Data infrastructure must support the collection of detailed performance metrics, not just kWh totals. By aligning with regulation now, you avoid costly retrofits later.

5. Ease of Maintenance

Engineers should be able to identify and fix issues quickly. Clear labelling, logical wiring and structured data pathways reduce downtime and keep networks reliable.

6. Security and Privacy by Design

Heat networks handle sensitive consumer information. Infrastructure must protect it – through encryption, secure transmission and GDPR compliance. Cutting corners here risks both reputation and financial penalties.

Regulation is Raising the Bar

The Energy Act 2023 puts Ofgem in charge of heat network regulation, with consumer protection standards that mirror those already in gas and electricity. Ofgem is not just interested in fair billing – it also expects evidence of network performance.

At the same time, HNTAS requires developers to select HIUs from an approved list, ensuring consistency and efficiency. Together, these measures mean robust data collection is no longer optional – it is essential.

From 2026, enforcement will strengthen with penalties for non-compliance. Forward-thinking developers and operators are already investing in infrastructure that goes beyond today’s minimum requirements.

Why Data Longevity Benefits Everyone

When data flows reliably year after year, the benefits reach all stakeholders:

• Operators gain visibility of losses, asset health and demand trends, allowing better maintenance and upgrade planning
• Residents receive accurate bills, transparent information and confidence in fairness
• Developers protect the long-term reputation of their schemes and avoid costly disputes
• Regulators get the assurance that networks are delivering on efficiency and consumer protection

In short: robust infrastructure pays for itself many times over.

Final Thoughts

The UK heat network sector is maturing. With Ofgem oversight, HNTAS requirements and rising consumer expectations, there is no room for “make-do” infrastructure. The networks that succeed will be those where data collection is treated not as an afterthought, but as a cornerstone.

By specifying open protocols, designing for scalability, ensuring secure and resilient connectivity and conducting proper site surveys, you build infrastructure that does more than meet today’s needs – it adapts, endures and delivers value for decades.

Heat networks are not just about delivering heat. They are about trust, transparency and the confidence that tomorrow’s residents will be just as well served as today’s.

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Retrofitting a heat network is rarely a simple “plug-and-play” job. Every building has quirks, every plant room has a history, and every retrofit has the same core challenge: upgrading to modern performance and compliance standards without blowing the budget or disrupting residents’ daily lives.

For property managers, the reasons to retrofit vary – replacing failing equipment, improving energy efficiency, bringing an older scheme up to current regulations, or enabling services like prepayment. Whatever the driver, the decisions made at the earliest stage can determine whether the project runs smoothly or turns into an expensive, time-consuming fix-up.

And with the Heat Network Technical Assurance Scheme (HNTAS) setting higher expectations for metering, billing, and performance monitoring, the stakes have never been higher.

When the Wrong Protocol Brings a Project to a Halt

One recent project needed a prepayment system for residents to top up credit for heat and hot water. The design team chose wireless M-Bus as the communication protocol between meters and the data system. On paper, it seemed ideal: proven, affordable, and no need for extra cabling.

But prepayment isn’t about “good enough” communication – it relies on instant, two-way updates to reconnect supply after a top-up or shut it off when credit runs out. Wireless M-Bus simply couldn’t keep up:

• Top-ups took hours to register
• Disconnections lagged, allowing usage beyond credit limits
• The whole data layer had to be ripped out and replaced just weeks after installation

Impact on residents:

• Delayed reconnections caused frustration, complaints, and temporary loss of heating or hot water for some households.

Impact on budget:

• Replacing the just-installed system added unplanned contractor visits, programme delays and significant extra cost.

A thorough site survey is the best insurance policy against costly mistakes. Beyond measuring pipe runs, it should test communication feasibility, confirm compatibility of existing kit, check for power/network availability and flag regulatory gaps.

Even a desktop survey – working from technical drawings – can spot early risks. At this site, it would likely have highlighted that wireless M-Bus couldn’t deliver the responsiveness needed for prepayment, avoiding months of rework.

Best Practice We’ve Seen Work

From multiple retrofits, a few clear principles stand out:

Engage specialists early

Involve metering/data experts before locking in specs.

Design for prepayment from day one

Choose protocols built for two-way comms.

Plan for the future

Even if prepayment isn’t needed now, build in capability.

Test in the real world

Lab results don’t always match site conditions.

Look at lifecycle costs

The cheapest install can be the most expensive to maintain.

Final Thoughts

Plan your retrofit with confidence

If you’re planning a heat network retrofit – or suspect your metering, billing, or data systems may fall short of new compliance standards – we can help you get it right first time.

Our team works with property managers and technology partners to design, survey and deliver retrofit solutions that meet HNTAS requirements, protect your budget and keep residents happy.

Get in touch to arrange a Retrofit Compliance Review.
Email daniel.davies@dataenergy.co.uk

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Heat Interface Units (HIUs) are the unsung heroes of communal and district heating systems. They act as the bridge between a centralised energy centre and individual dwellings, delivering heating and hot water safely, efficiently and reliably.

With Ofgem’s regulatory oversight now in motion and the Heat Network Technical Assurance Scheme (HNTAS) on the horizon, choosing the right HIU and control strategy is more important than ever. Poor selection can result in inefficiencies, high running costs, resident complaints, and potential non-compliance.

This blog will explore the key types of HIUs, the difference between direct and indirect configurations, and how to approach selecting the right unit and control logic for your scheme, whether it’s a new build or retrofit.

Direct vs Indirect HIUs

The first step in HIU selection is determining whether a direct or indirect unit is appropriate.

Direct HIU

• The primary heating circuit directly feeds the radiators within the apartment
• Domestic hot water (DHW) is generated via a heat exchanger
• Typically lower cost and more compact
• Simpler hydraulics and controls

Indirect HIU

• Both heating and DHW are generated through heat exchangers
• Full hydraulic separation between the primary and secondary circuits
• More suited for high-rise buildings or networks with variable pressures

When to use which?

• Direct HIUs are commonly used in low-rise developments where system pressure and water quality can be tightly controlled
• Indirect HIUs are preferred for retrofit schemes, mixed-use buildings, or where full separation is required for safety and system stability

When comparing HIUs, there are several components and characteristics to evaluate:

1. Plate Heat Exchangers (PHE):

• Determines efficiency and DHW response time

• Larger surface area often improves heat transfer but must be balanced with space constraints

2. Control Valves:

• Motorised valves are more accurate but may increase cost and maintenance
• Thermostatic controls offer simplicity but less responsiveness

3. Sensors and Actuators:

• Quality sensors improve temperature stability and data accuracy
• M-Bus or Modbus compatibility is crucial for data collection

4. Flow Control:

• Modulating vs fixed modulating improves efficiency but requires robust controls
• Differential pressure control maintains consistent delivery across changing conditions

5. Prepayment Integration:

• Some HIUs are built with space or ports for prepayment devices
• Important for schemes where energy billing is recovered via credit systems
  

6. Mounting and Accessibility:

• Front-facing components and removable plates aid future servicing
• Compact design is key for small utility cupboards

HIU Control Strategies

Control strategy is just as critical as physical design. Even the best HIU won’t perform well with poor logic.

Common Control Strategies

1. Proportional Control (P):

• Adjusts valve position based on error signal only
• Simple but may lead to instability

2. Proportional-Integral (PI):

• Adds integral correction for steady-state error
• Good for maintaining setpoint over time
  

3. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID):

• Adds derivative correction to anticipate future trends
• More sophisticated but requires tuning

4. Weather Compensation:

• Adjusts flow temperature based on outside temperature
• Reduces energy consumption and improves resident comfort
  

5. Demand-Based Logic:

• Only opens the primary circuit when demand is detected
• Reduces standing losses and improves return temperatures

Retrofit Considerations

In retrofit projects, physical constraints often dictate what can and can’t be done.

Common issues: 

• Pipework doesn’t match new HIU layout
• No mains cold feed nearby
• Insufficient cupboard space
• Legacy wiring for valve control

Solutions include: 

• Using adaptable mounting rails
• Selecting HIUs with flexible connections
• Pre-wired HIUs for simple swap outs
• Choosing compact or vertical models
  

Also, consider if the old system was direct and the new HIU is indirect, you may need isolation and flushing protocols to protect the new equipment.

Case Study:

Legacy Site with Closed Protocol Equipment

Situation:

An older heat network was fitted with a closed protocol HIU and proprietary data collection system. The equipment provider has since ceased operations, leaving no access to resident consumption data.

Problem:

With no access to data, residents were left in the dark, unable to verify usage or understand charges. This represents the worst-case scenario for billing and transparency.

Solution:

A full replacement of the HIUs and data collection system was specified. The new solution is fully open protocol, ensuring any future billing provider can export data and serve residents fairly and transparently.

With HNTAS on the horizon, choosing an HIU that supports data visibility, efficiency, and control is essential.

Checklist for future-proofing:

Is it M-Bus or Modbus enabled?

Can it integrate with prepayment?

Does it support modulating controls?

Are the PHEs removable and serviceable?

Is there an option for firmware or logic updates?

Also consider your installer’s familiarity with the unit, poor installation can undo even the best hardware.

Data Collection is Not an Afterthought

Data collection should no longer be seen as a bolt-on. With Ofgem regulation approaching, it’s become a core requirement. Networks must demonstrate performance, prove fairness, and resolve disputes and none of that is possible without reliable, accessible data.

This means specifying: 

• Meters with native M-Bus or LoRaWAN output
• HIUs with integrated data ports or pulse modules
• Centralised loggers and gateways with remote access

By placing data collection at the forefront, developers not only protect themselves from future compliance issues but also empower operators and billing providers to deliver a better resident experience.

Final Thoughts

The right HIU is more than just a box with valves. it’s a critical part of your heat network’s performance.

By understanding the differences between models and control strategies, and by engaging early with developers and data partners, you can avoid costly inefficiencies, reduce resident complaints, and meet the upcoming standards being introduced by Ofgem and HNTAS.

At Data Energy, we work with multiple manufacturers and control partners to specify HIUs that work, not just on paper, but in the real world.

Stay tuned for more breakdowns, or get in touch if you’re unsure what HIU is right for your scheme.

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To understand HNTAS, you have to understand the problem it’s solving.

The UK has over 17,000 heat networks, with thousands more expected under upcoming heat zoning regulations. But because the industry has grown without consistent standards, networks vary drastically in performance. Some work brilliantly. Others? Not so much.

HNTAS stands for the Heat Network Technical Assessment Scheme.

It’s a new compliance framework being developed by Ofgem to improve how heat networks are designed, measured and operated. In plain terms: it’s a rulebook to make sure networks are efficient, fair, and fit for purpose.

Some common issues of inconsistent network performance include:

• Inaccurate or missing meters
• Unreliable billing or estimates based on guesswork
• Poor system design, leading to inefficiency and high costs
• No access to real-time performance data
• Consumers unable to challenge their heat charges

This lack of consistency and accountability is why Ofgem has been appointed as the official heat network regulator. And HNTAS will be one of its main tools to raise the bar.

What Heat Network Technical Assessment Scheme Will Actually Cover?

While the final version of the scheme is still in development, early guidance suggests that Heat Network Technical Assessment Scheme will focus on some key pillars.

Key pillars include:

1. Metering and Billing Accuracy

At the heart of any heat network is the ability to measure what’s used and bill for it fairly. That means:

• Every flat or dwelling must be individually metered
• Meters must be MID-approved, readable remotely, and regularly maintained
• Billing must be transparent, itemised, and based on real usage, no more estimates

2. System Design and Efficiency

HNTAS will promote designs that are:

• Properly sized (avoiding overspec’d systems that waste energy)
• Using low return temperatures for better efficiency
• Built with proper controls and hydraulic balancing

This is especially important for retrofits, where older HIUs or legacy pipework may no longer be fit for purpose.

3. Operational Performance

It’s one thing to design a network to spec, it’s another to operate it that way. HNTAS will likely include:

• Regular performance monitoring
• Access to real-time data logging and trend analysis
• Clear accountability for issues like outages, low flow temperatures, or billing disputes

4. Resident Outcomes and Transparency

Ultimately, HNTAS is about improving outcomes for residents. That includes:

• Fair pricing structures
• Transparent communication around tariffs and usage
• A clear process for complaints or disputes

How Does This Affect Existing Heat Networks?

You might be thinking, “That’s great for new builds, but what about our 10-year-old system?”

“This is one of the biggest challenges the industry will face and why retrofit strategy is a big part of what I’ll cover in d-Analysed.

Most older networks weren’t built to the standards HNTAS will require. That doesn’t mean they’re doomed… but it does mean there’s work to do.”

Some key questions to ask yourself: 

• Can my meters be read remotely?
• Are we logging data from HIUs or plantroom meters?
• Do we have documentation of commissioning, balancing, and handover?
• Can we demonstrate that residents are being billed fairly?

If the answer is “no” to any of those, now is the time to act before regulation forces your hand.

Whether you’re managing a legacy network or designing a new one, below are the practical steps you should consider today.

Practical Steps You Should Consider:

1. Conduct a Technical Survey

Start with a full review of your current system:

• Are meters accessible and accurate?

• Do you have working comms infrastructure (M-Bus, LoRaWAN, TCP/IP)?

• Is plantroom data being collected and reviewed?

• Are your system temperatures and flows within acceptable parameters?

2. Get Your Data in Order

Without data, you can’t improve, and you can’t demonstrate compliance.

• Install loggers to gather usage data
• Ensure data is stored securely and backed up
• Set alerts for anomalies and inefficiencies

3. Engage Residents

Transparency builds trust:

• Offer itemised billing
• Provide usage breakdowns
• Make it easy to query or challenge bills

4. Plan for Retrofit Where Needed

If your HIUs, meters, or controls are outdated, plan a phased upgrade. Retrofits don’t need to be expensive if handled smartly and with minimal disruption.

Final Thoughts

Heat Network Technical Assessment Scheme isn’t a box-ticking exercise. It’s a roadmap to a more efficient, transparent, and fair heat network industry. Those who act now, surveying their systems, collecting their data, and planning intelligently will be in a far better position when the regulations arrive.

If you’re unsure where to begin, that’s where we come in. At Data Energy, we’ve helped networks of every shape and size prepare for regulation, streamline billing, and regain control of their data.

Stay tuned and if you’re facing a specific challenge, feel free to reach out to me directly. Chances are, we’ve seen it before and found a way to fix it.

Got a Heat Network Challenge? Ask Daniel.

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The energy market is anything but predictable right now. That means simply picking a supplier isn’t enough. Managing energy properly – across all your sites – needs a strategy that keeps costs down, residents happy, and you firmly in control.

As someone who’s worked closely with property managers across all sorts of developments, I’ve seen how easy it is for energy procurement to spiral. One day you’re renewing a couple of contracts. Next thing you know, you’re buried in spreadsheets, sitting on endless calls with suppliers and trying to untangle a billing error from six months ago.

The truth? Procurement shouldn’t be this complicated. But without the right setup, it often is. So let’s break down what works, what doesn’t, and how to make energy procurement something that works for you, not against you.

Why You Need a Strategy – Not Just a Supplier

Back in the day, procurement was about picking between a fixed or flex deal and choosing the cheapest rate. But now, there are so many more moving parts. If you’re not aligning contract end dates across your portfolio or tracking usage properly, you could be losing money without realising it.

We’ve worked with clients who were paying a decent rate but didn’t realise the contracts were all renewing at different times, which meant they couldn’t negotiate properly. Once we aligned the portfolio, the difference was night and day – fewer surprises, better pricing, and far less admin.

One thing we see over and over? Managers trying to stay on top of procurement solo. You might start off with good intentions and a clear spreadsheet, but over time it gets messy. Contracts slip through the cracks, a few invoices go unchecked, and suddenly there’s a hefty bill with a charge you weren’t expecting.

From incorrect VAT to the wrong kVA being applied, these aren’t rare one-offs. They’re common. And while none of them seem huge at the time, they pile up quickly. The cost isn’t just financial either – it’s hours of your week spent chasing suppliers, resolving disputes, and pulling together information from a dozen different places.

Unlocking the Benefits of Portfolio Procurement

One of the smartest ways to save is by treating multiple sites as a single, unified buying block.

When contracts across developments are aligned, property managers gain access to:

• Better pricing through aggregated demand
• Simplified tendering processes
• Streamlined admin and renewal cycles
• Greater supplier negotiation leverage

In one case, bundling contracts across just 10 blocks led to a 15% saving – all by unlocking volume-based discounts that individual sites couldn’t access alone.

Bill Validation: Your Unsung Hero

Here’s something we see time and again at Data Energy: one in three energy bills has a mistake. That’s not a stat from a report – it’s from our own validation process. And we’re not talking about tiny errors. We’ve uncovered duplicated bills, incorrect VAT, contract rates that were never applied… the list goes on.

This is why bill validation isn’t a nice-to-have. It’s essential. Catching these mistakes early prevents back-billing, avoids overpaying, and gives your clients and residents confidence that things are being handled properly. It’s one of the biggest opportunities for hidden savings – and it’s easy to overlook. 

Staying Compliant (Without the Headache)

Navigating regulation is no longer optional. Property managers now face a range of legal responsibilities that directly impact how energy is bought, managed, and charged. The risks of non-compliance aren’t theoretical – they’re real, and we’ve seen how quickly they can escalate when things are missed.

Key areas include:

• The Landlord & Tenant Act 1954

  This legislation places specific requirements around energy procurement, particularly in ensuring contracts are not excessively long and that competitive tendering is carried out transparently and fairly.

• The Utilities Act 2000 and Energy Act 2023

  Together, these acts restrict profit-making on energy resale and introduce much tighter rules around the accuracy of energy marketing and claims. If you’re passing on ‘green’ tariffs to residents, you must be able to back that up with credible documentation.

• VAT and Climate Change Levy (CCL)

  In mixed-use buildings where residential and commercial supplies intersect, getting the classification wrong can lead to overpaying tax or, worse, facing penalties during a VAT audit. Many property managers don’t realise the complexity here until it’s too late.

These aren’t box-ticking exercises. They affect how you recover costs, what you can legally charge and how transparent your billing processes must be. Getting it wrong could mean anything from tenant disputes and credit notes to full-blown audits, fines, or reputational damage.

The good news? With the right advice and systems in place, staying compliant doesn’t have to be difficult.

A Smarter Way Forward

The role of energy procurement has evolved. It’s no longer just about getting a quote once a year. It’s tied into compliance, cost control, operational efficiency, and resident satisfaction.

Getting it right means less firefighting, more confidence and real savings. It frees up time, reduces risk and ultimately makes your life as a property manager easier.

At Data Energy, we’ve helped countless property managers streamline procurement. From the first portfolio review through to validation, dispute resolution, and compliance checks, we’re with you every step of the way.

We centralise everything into one portal, align your contracts, and back it all up with a 33-point validation checklist that catches those costly errors before they land on your desk. You’ll get support with smart metering rollout, guidance on regulatory compliance, and a dedicated account manager who genuinely understands your portfolio.

In short: we make procurement clearer, simpler, and more strategic. And after everything I’ve seen in the industry, that’s exactly what more property managers deserve.

Got a Heat Network Challenge? Ask Daniel.

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If you’re managing or connected to a heat network, you’ve probably heard terms like “accurate data” or “billing compliance” thrown around. But what do they actually mean — and why should you care? 

The truth is, without reliable data, you’re flying blind. You can’t see what’s working, what’s going wrong, or where the money’s going. That’s when complaints creep in, billing goes wrong, and things get expensive — fast.

Because you can’t manage what you can’t measure — and getting this wrong is no longer an option.

So, let’s strip this back. Data collection isn’t just a technicality; it’s the foundation of a transparent and fair system. Accurate data ensures every kilowatt-hour (kWh) of energy is accounted for. When you know exactly what’s being used, where, and by whom, you gain visibility. And with visibility comes control, both for operators and residents.

Without it? You’re in the dark. Faulty reads, estimated bills, billing disputes, they all stem from poor data collection. You cannot manage what you cannot measure. If you don’t know what’s being used, where, and by whom, you can’t take control — and neither can your residents. In a landscape where regulation, cost transparency and sustainability are under the spotlight, the reliability of your metering and data infrastructure is not just important, it’s essential.

From Data to Disputes – Why You’re in the Firing Line

Whether you’re a developer, managing agent, housing association or end user, the implications of poor metering and data collection are far-reaching. Residents may be overcharged or unfairly subsidising neighbours. Operators risk falling foul of mounting regulatory pressures. Managing agents often bear the brunt of resident dissatisfaction and are expected to explain discrepancies with no meaningful visibility. 

Getting it right is about more than compliance. It’s about fairness, accountability, and sustainability. It’s about building trust and having the tools to back it up. And as regulatory oversight expands, the risks of getting it wrong increase: reputational damage, financial penalties, and spiralling operational costs. 

Ever wondered how your communal heating system works, and how it might affect your utility bills? Our new resident-friendly guide explains it all in clear, simple language:

The landscape is changing fast. With Ofgem becoming the official regulator for heat networks, a new level of scrutiny is coming into play. Accuracy in billing, transparency in tariff setting, and demonstrable consumer protections are no longer optional. They will become legal requirements. And all of them rely on one thing: data.

Heat Networks Must Now Meet Specific Standards:

• Metering data must be remotely accessible, with consumption tracking at both the apartment and system level
• Billing must be based on actual usage (not estimates) and charges must be justifiable in the context of actual operating costs
• Operators should be able to reconcile income with supplier costs on at least an annual basis
• Preventative maintenance, leak detection, and energy efficiency checks must be actively tracked

These requirements are not just best practice. They’re about to become the law.

How Ofgem Plans to Raise the Bar

Ofgem’s objectives are clear: to introduce the same protections for heat network customers that already exist in the electricity and gas markets.

That means:

• Fair pricing, supported by demonstrable evidence
• Transparent communication of tariffs and usage
• A standardised complaints process
• Right of redress for customers
• Regular performance auditing

Ofgem won’t prescribe how you manage your network, but they will expect evidence that you’re managing it properly. If your systems can’t produce accurate, timely, and traceable data, it will become increasingly difficult to justify your practices.

Why Your Current Setup Might Not Cut It

If your network was designed before these expectations existed, it may require upgrades. Meters may need to be replaced. Networks might require re-wiring or the addition of remote data loggers. Some sites may need a full audit of their existing data, tariffs, and asset base.

Modern heat networks are increasingly adopting solutions, such as LoRaWAN or wireless mbus to support remote meter readings. These technologies not only reduce manual reading costs but also provide operators with real-time insight into network performance, inefficiencies, and anomalies.

This enables:

• Faster fault detection
• Better energy balancing
• More accurate cost recovery
• Fairer and more defendable tariffs

Doing nothing is no longer viable. Whether through enforced legislation or resident pressure, change is coming.

Tariffs Start with Data, Not Assumptions

So If You Can’t Prove It, You Can’t Charge It

Tariffs are the financial engine of any heat network. But without quality data, the process of setting them becomes little more than guesswork. Tariffs must be reflective of real costs, including energy, maintenance, management fees, and losses.

You need to know:

• How much energy you’re buying
• How much is being delivered to each apartment
• What your system losses are
• What operational costs are being recovered and from whom

This is only possible with a structured, accurate metering strategy. It’s not just about installing hardware; it’s about creating a process that continually validates and refines your position.

Residents Need to Trust the Numbers

At the end of this chain is the resident. Their experience of the heat network is shaped not by the technology but by their bill.

They want to know:

• Why their usage is what it is
• What they’re paying for
• That they’re not subsidising others
• That the system is efficient and fair

Accurate data supports this confidence. It builds trust. It allows residents to engage with their consumption and make informed choices. It reduces complaints, lowers billing queries, and builds credibility for the operator.

When billing is wrong or can’t be explained, confidence evaporates.

This isn’t just a regulatory challenge, it’s an opportunity to improve. With better systems, clearer data, and more informed residents, heat networks can become not only compliant but competitive.

Operators who get ahead of regulation will not only protect themselves, but they’ll also improve resident engagement, lower operational costs, and strengthen their long-term sustainability.

Got a Heat Network Challenge? Ask Daniel.

Have a question you’d love to see covered in a future post? Submit it below and Daniel might just take it on.

If you found this useful, we’re just getting started.

Subscribe for future insights from our Technical Project Consultant, Daniel Davies – tackling the real-world challenges of compliance, performance and fair billing.